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【
New words and expressions
】
生词和短语
◆
gangster n.
歹徒,强盗
◆
Chicago n.
芝加哥
(美国城市)
◆
protection n.
保护
◆
promptly adv.
准时地
◆
destroy v.
毁掉;消灭
◆
remarkable adj.
不寻常的
◆
band n.
帮,团伙
◆
Florence n.
佛罗伦萨(意大利城市)
◆
city-state n.
(古代)城邦
◆
hire v.
租出,雇给
◆
prince n.
君主,诸侯
◆
Florentine n.
佛罗伦萨人
◆
funeral n.
葬礼
◆
dedicate v.
奉献,题献给
◆
memory n.
纪念
◆
valiant adj.
英勇的
★
gangster n.
歹徒,强盗
a band of
gangsters
一伙强盗
robber
犯
,
者
;
bandit
强盗
,
土匪
brigand
(
书面用语
)
强盗
,
土匪
,
盗贼
,
草寇
hooligan
流氓
,
不良分子
hoodlum
(
口语
)
罪犯
,
恶汉
rascal
(
口语
)
淘气
,
捣蛋鬼
★
Chicago n.
芝加哥
(美国城市)
★
protection n.
保护
protection money
保护费
protect v.
protect from
We must
protect our eyes from the sunshine.
protective
adj.
保护的
protector n.
保护者
protege n.
被保护者
★
promptly adv.
准时地
I give him a
ring and he call me back promptly.
He was so
sleepy that he went to sleep promptly.
on
time
准时
/ in time
及时
punctually adv.
守时地
★
destroy v.
毁掉;消灭
destroy
强调毁灭
,
消灭
,
完全的摧毁
Eg:
The earthquake destroyed the city. / You destroyed his dream.
damage
强受损程度不很严重
,
可以被修复
break
强调弄坏
,
弄断
Two
of the strings were broken.
spoil
强调把事情搅和了
Eg:
spoil the party. / spoil the holiday
★
remarkable adj.
不寻常的
remarkable
adj. : unusual; uncomon; extraordinary
a remarkable
event
不同寻常的事件
an
extraordinary event
outstanding
adj.
突出的
,
杰出的
,
卓越的
Eg:
Our headmaster is an outstanding youth.
distinguished
adj.
杰出的
,
卓越的
,
不同非凡的
eminent
adj.
显赫的,杰出的,有名的,优良的
Eg:a
distinguished physicist; an eminent surgeon; an eminent judge; a distinguished
lawyer
以上都可以用来修饰那些在严肃领域的人,比如科学,医学等等
well-know
adj.
强调众所周知的
famous
adj.
因卓越的贡献和成绩而流芳百世的
Eg:
She is well-known in the musical world. / This is well-known fact.
He is a famous moviestar. / Luxun is famous
for his articles.
notorious
adj.
臭名昭著的
,
臭名远扬的
;
be famous for bad things
infarmous
adj.
声名狼藉的
(
语气较弱
)
rnowned adj.
某人或某事以其独特的品质、个性而
闻名
Eg:
Hangzhou is renowned for its beautiful...
L14-01
end 13’00”
L14-02 begin
★
band n.
帮,团伙
a band of
robbers
一伙强盗
mob n.
表示贬义色彩的团伙、帮派
a mob of hooligans
一伙流氓
gang n.
一伙
a gang of thieves
nest
n.
窝;
a nest of bandits
pack
n.
团伙、帮派;
a pack of hoodlums
★
Florence n.
佛罗伦萨(意大利城市)
★
city-state n.
(古代)城邦
★
hire v.
租出,雇给
hire;
rent; let; employ
hire
out; rent out
租给
Eg:
Does this firm hire out cars?
这家公司出租汽车吗?
rent
out
租给
,
雇给
:
主要强调出租房屋
Eg:
He rent out his house to a tourist.
let
出租房屋
: let
his house / please let your house to me
。
hire
from/ rent from
租进来
Eg:
He hired a car from us. / I rent a room form Mrs. Johnson.
hire
指短期雇佣体力劳动者
employ
指长期雇佣或聘请脑力劳动者
We
employed her as our advisor.
The
factory employed 500 workers.
He
hired two helpers.
他雇佣了两个临时帮手。
★
prince n.
君主,诸侯
★
Florentine n.
佛罗伦萨人
★
funeral n.
葬礼
★
dedicate v.
奉献,题献给
dedicate
to
奉献给
……
比
devote
更为正式而庄重
Eg:He
dedicated his first book to his mother.
I devote my time to helping my students.
He dedicates his life to his motherland.
He dedicated his life to science.
put
sb of business
使某人失业
put
sb/sth out of
……
使某人失去
……
Eg:
You are putting me out of patience.
put
it out of your mind
忘记这件事情吧
!=
forget it.
★
valiant adj.
英勇的
brave
adj.
勇敢的
The
boy is brave.
During
war, soldiers are valiant.
fearless
adj.
大无畏的,无所畏惧的
We
are fearless in time of danger.
courageous
adj.
有胆量的,有勇气的
★
memory n.
纪念
You
have a good memory.
in
memory of / to the memory of
Eg:
if my memory serves me well, you’re Tom.
如果我没记错的话,你是
Tom
。
【
Text
】
§
Lesson 14 A noble gangster
贵族歹徒
Q:
How did Hawkwood make money in times of peace?
There
was a time when the owners of shop and businesses in Chicago had to pay large
sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection'. If the money was not
paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by
destroying his shop. Obtaining 'protechon money' is not a modern crime. As long
ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the
remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have
their life work destroyed by gangsters.
Six hundred
years ago, Sir John Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a band of soldiers and
settled near Florence. He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to
the Italians as Giovanni Acuto. Whenever the Italian city-states were at war
with each other, Hawkwood used to hire his soldiers to princes who were willing
to pay the high price he demanded. In times of peace, when business was bad,
Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a
few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them.
Hawkwood made large sums of money in this way. In spite of this, the Italians
regarded him as a sort of hero. When he died at the age of eighty, the
Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a picture painted which was
dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader,
Signor Giovanni Haukodue'.
【课文讲解】
pay
large sums of money to sb.
向某人付大笔大笔的费用
in
return for
目的是为了换取
...
作为对
...
的回报
Eg:
He gave me some books in return for my help.
when
引导状语从句修饰
time
Eg:
There was a time when mini skirt was in fashion.
promptly:
innediately
put
a man out out of business:
使某人失业
put
sb. / sth. out of ...
使某人失去
......
Eg:
You are putting me out of patience.
You have already put everything out of order.
put
it out of your mind
忘记这件事情吧
by
destroying his shop
通过
......
手段
Eg.:
You are putting me out of patience by disturbing me.
你快把我弄得失去耐心了,如果再这样打扰的话。
L14-02 end 13’15”
L14-03
begin
13’17”
Obtaining...
obtaining:
getting
as
long ago as
追溯回到:
dating back to / date from
Eg.:
I knew Jane as long ago as the year 1980.
John
hawkwood’s discovery was quite remarkable.
make
the remarkable discovery
做出不同寻常的发现
would
rather do sth than do sth
宁愿而不
Eg.:
He would rather die than surrender.
I would rather play tennis than swim.
==would
prefer to do
……
than do
==would
prefer doing
……
to doing
Eg.:
He would prefer to die than surrender.
He would prefer dying to surrendering.
would
rather: sooner + that
从句
(
过去式
)
Eg: I
would rather that you were not here.
我宁愿你不在这儿。
Eg: I
would rather that I didn't see you.
我宁愿没见到你。
life
work
毕生的事业
Eg.:
I want to have the tree cut down.
Six
hundred years ago...
a
band of
……
一伙
…………
settled
near Florence
定居在
Florence
附近
make
a name for himself ===become famous
Eg.:
They soon made quite a name for themselves as pop singers.
come
to / get to
渐渐的
come
to be known
渐渐的被人所熟知
Eg.:
I come to be known to my students.
I got to know him.
whenever
无论什么时候
at
war
交战
at war with
与
……
交战
hire
表示出租
who
指代
prince
he
demanded: Hawkwood demanded
in
times of peace
在和平期间
in
times of
……
在
……
期间
march
into
大踏步行军
would
offer to do=== would promise to do
burn
down
烧毁
/ burn up
烧光
/
burn out
烧空
Eg.:
the house was burned out only...
in
spite of this
尽管如此
People
in different countries have different ipinions.
Eg.:
the Italians regarded him as a sort of hero.
give
sb. a state funeral
给某人举行国葬
have
sth. done
Signor
(意大利语)
先生
which
指代
picture
be
dedicated to the memory of sb.
the
most valiant
比较级的最高级形式
★★★课文要背熟★★★
L14-03 end
13’17”
L14-04 begin
10’06”
【
Special
difficulties
】
would
rather, would sooner:
would rather do than do
would rather that ( that
宾语从句中要出现动词的过去时
)
Exercise
P 68
Give
the correct form of the verbs in parentheses:
1 I’d rather _____ ( go ) to the cinema.
2 I’d rather he _____ ( leave ) earlist.
3 I’d rather you not _____ ( speak ) to him.
4 I’d rather not _____ ( speak ) about him.
5 I’d rather my father _____ ( settle ) the
account.
6 She’d rather you not _____ ( tell ) anyone
about it.
Key: 1. go
2. left ( rather
后省略了
that)
3. ...did
not speak...
4. not speak... (
否定形式结构:“宁愿不做
......
”
would rather not do
5.
settled...
6. ...didn’t tell...
<s
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